Biblical Archaeology Review

See Kitchen in J. Amitai, ed., Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990 (Israel Exploration Society, 1993), pp. 34 ff.

The Egyptian Story of Sinuhe is set about 1940 B.C., and we have manuscripts from the 19th/18th centuries B.C., as well as later manuscripts. One Ramesside manuscript (c. 1250 B.C.) substitutes the “new” Semitic loanword yam (meaning “sea”) for the old word nwy—which dates that manuscript, but not the original story (John W. B. Barnes, The Ashmolean Ostracon of Sinuhe (Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1952).)

Published by D. A. Lowle, Oriens Antiquus 15 (1976), pp. 91–106; for a recent translation and commentary, see Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993), pp. 265–267, 221–225.

See G. A. Gaballa, The Memphite Tomb-Chapel of Mose (Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips, 1972).

See A. Malamat, “King Lists of the Old Babylonian Period and Biblical Genealogies,” in Journal of the American Oriental Society, 88 (1968), pp. 163–173.

The Ugaritic texts are published in M. Dietrich, O. Loretz and J. Sanmartin, eds., Die Keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Butzon-Bercker Kevelaer, 1976), p. 119, No. 1:113. For a full translation and commentary see Kitchen, “The King-List of Ugarit,” in Ugarit-Forschungen 9 (1977), pp. 131–142.

For a more detailed presentation, see Kitchen, The Bible in Its World, pp. 59–65.

For Hammurabi, see Laws of Hammurabi section 170; for Mari, see G. Boyer, Archives Royales de Mari, 8, Text No. 1; for Nuzi, see E. A. Speiser, Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 10 (1930), pp. 8, 35, 39; and for Neo-Babylonian laws, see Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts, p. 198.

See text in Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts, second edition (1955), pp. 159–161; the most recent translation is by H. Lutzmann in O. Kaiser, ed., Texte aus der Umwelt des Alten Testaments (Gutersloh: Mohn, 1982) I/1, pp. 23–31.

See Kitchen, Ancient Orient and Old Testament, pp. 48–49; “Historical Method and Early Hebrew Tradition,” in Tyndale Bulletin17 (1966), pp. 68–69; and The Bible in Its World, p. 68.